PERSON WHO ENTIRELY SACRIFICED HIS LIFE TO ERADICATE UNTOUCHABILITY:
INTRODUCTION:
Today's topic is about the quiet Personality who fought for untouchability and made the nation pure, since today is April 14th which is considered as "AMBEDKAR JAYANTHI", we are going to portrait about his Path in this article, today we are celebrating his 122th birthday anniversary.
BHIMRAO RAMJI AMBEDKAR:
 |
| AMBEDKAR - FATHER OF CONSTITUTION |
Respectively know as "B.R AMBEDKAR"
Born on 14th April 1981
Popularly known as "BABASAHEB".
He was an Indian Jurist, Political Leader, Philosopher, Anthropologist, Historian, Orator, Economist,Teacher, Editor, Prolific Writer and overall he is a Versatile person.
Born into a poor MAHAR(Considered as an untouchabilty caste).
Awarded "BHARAT RATNA", India's Highest Civilian Award in 1990.
After overcoming enormous Struggles, he was the first DALITS(Untouchables) to obtain College Educaiton in India.
He Fetched Law Degree and earned Doctorate for his study.
He has done Research in Law, Economics and Political Science from Columbia University and London school of Economics.
CONVERSION OF BUDDHISM:
He converted in to Buddhism and made thousands of DALITS to get converted into buddhism to "THERAVADA" by providing a spark of speech.
What is THERAVADA Buddhism?
Theravada is the oldest surviving of Buddhist branch.
This is derived from Sanskrit.
"STHAVIRAVADA" means Literally the teaching of Elders.
For many centuries Theravada is the predominant religion of Srilanka(now about 70 % of the population).
This Religion is found in most of the continental South East Asia(Combodia,Myanmar and Thailand).
It is also practiced in Minorities in path of South West China(Vietnam, Bangladesh & Malaysia).
Now it is gaining popularity in Singapore and Western World.
Today Theravada Buddhist are over 150 Million world wide.
Ambedkar is also known as "BODHISATTVA" which means getting Enlightened to Buddhism.
In 1956, he said at Public Function "Accepting Buddhism does not getting in new religion but entering into new form of life"
ABOUT FAMILY:
Ambedkar was born in town of Mhow in Madyapradesh.
He was the 14th and last child of "RAMJI MALOJI SAKPAL" and "BHIMA BAI".
He was from Marathi Background of the town "AMBAVADE" in Ratnagiri district of Modern Day Maharashtra.
Ambedkar Ancestors are employed in the Army of British East India Company for longer period of time.
Hi Father Served in Indian Army at Mhow.
He did his formal Education in Marathi and English.
His Father admitted his children's to study at Government School by using his influence but Eventhough they faced issues including Ambedkar related to the caste.
KABIR PANTH:
Ambedkar father is great follower of "KABIR PANTH".
He is Philosopher and religious community of India.
Followers of Kabir are also known as "KABIR PANTHIS".
ISSUES FACED BY AMBEDKAR DURING HIS YOUNG AGE:
Teacher showed abundant Partiality to the Ambedkar since he belong to untouchability caste.
They were forced to stand in the class room while teaching and not allowed to sit inside the class room.
Even if they feel thirsty, they are not allowed to drink water in the class room.
They are not supposed to touch the drinking vessel and anyone from higher caste should pour water from certain height, this pouring water activity is done by "School Peon".
In absence of Peon, he has to survive the day without water, this situation expressed by Ambedkar as "No peon" and "No water".
He is supposed to site only in Gunny Sack and he has to take back to home.
AMBEDKAR EDUCATION:
In 1897 his entire family moved to Bombay.
He is considered as only untouchable people at "ELPHINSTONE HIGH SCHOOL" in the same year.
He is married to 9 years old girl named Ramabai in the year 1906.
He passed his Matriculation school in 1907 and in the same year he entered "ELPHINSTONE COLLEGE" which is affiliated to University of Bombay.
He is the first person from Untouchability Community to reach College level.
On behalf his success a public ceremony was arrange by his community in which he was presented with the "Biography of Buddha" by Dada Keluskar who is author and family friend.
In 1912, he completes his Degree in Economics and Political Science.
He was getting prepared to get employed in Baroda State Government, at that his wife gave birth to first Son named
Yashwant.
In 1913, he moved to United States and studied his Post Graduate in Columbia University.
Since he fetched Baroda's Scholarship, Value of Scholarship was 11.50(Sterling) for a month for three Consecutive years and this scheme was established by "GAEKWAR Of BARODA" they introduced this scheme to provide opportunities at Columbia University, through this he passed MA Examinations in the year 1915, in which his major was Economics.
He presented a paper in the topic "Ancient Indian Commerce".
He also presented other paper for M.A titled "National Dividend of India A Historic and Analytic Study".
In June 1917, though his Scholarship was getting expired he did his paper presentation within the deadline.
PROTEST AGAINST UNTOUCHABILITY:
Ambedkar was educated by "Princely State of Baroda" where he was appointed to serve the state of Baroda.
In Geakwar, he was appointed as "Military Secretary" and he was quited within a short period of time.
In Autobiography, he describes this incident in the name "Waiting for Visa".
He worked as Private Tutor, Accountant, a consulting business in established investment but it was failed when his own clients came to know that he is untouchable.
At Sydenham College of Commerce and Economics in Bombay, he was professor of political economy in 1918.
He was a successful professor with the students, whereas other professor's objected to share the water jugs along with him.
In 1920, along with "CHATRAPATI SHAHU MAHARAJA"who is king of Kholaphur, they started to publish the weekly "MOOKNAYAK".
What is Waiting of Visa?
He describes his life as history return in the period of 1935 - 36, this article consists of some rouge incidents which was faced by Ambedkar written in his own handwriting, this autobiography is used as the text book in Columbia university, this is called Waiting of Visa.
IMPROVEMENTS FOR UNTOUCHABILITY:
While practicing law in Bombay at high court, he tried to educate untouchablities.
In 1927, he made many active movements against untouchability and opened "Public Drinking Water Resource".
He struggled for untouchability and made them enter into temple.
He fought for untouchabilities to take water from main water tank, this is called as "SATYAGRAHA IN MAHAD".
In 1925, he was selected in Bombay Presidency Committee to work with all Europeans, this is called "Simon Commission".
POONA PACT:
He attended "Second Round table conference" in London at 1932.Gandhi opposed a separate electorate which was conducted by Ambedkar, since these kind of arrangements will split the Hindu community groups, so Gandhi was protested by Fasting at "Yerwada Central Jail of Poona", so they both joined hands together which made Gandhi to stop his fast for demand of separate electorate, this was called as "POONA PACT".
ACHIEVEMENTS:
In 1932, British along with Ambedkar announced a "Communal Award".
Madan Mohan Malaviya and Palwankar Bloo they arranged joint meeting with Ambedkar at Yerwada.
In 1935, he was appointed as Principal in Government Law College Bombay.
In the same year, his wife Ramabai passed away due to Long Illness.
In 1936, he founded independent labour party.
In August 29th 1947, he was appointed as Chairman of Constitution Committee, in this Committee after joining he abolished untouchability.
He argued for social rights for women.
Introduced new system of Reservation of jobs in Civil services, Schools, Colleges, for members of Scheduled Caste and Scheduled tribe.
In 1951, he resigned from the Cabinet, he independently contested election in 1952 at Lower House of Parliament "LOK SABHA" he was defeated and was appointed to Upper House "RAJYA SABHA" of Parliament in 1952.
He wrote three scholarly books on economics:
- Administration and Finance of the East India Company,
- The Evolution of Provincial Finance in British India, and
- The Problem of the Rupee: Its Origin and Its Solution.
Second Marriage:
He has gone to New Delhi for the Treatment, there he met Dr. SHARADA KABIR, a SARAWAT BRAHMIN, he is married to her.
LAST MINUTES BEFORE DEATH:
He was Suffering from DIABETES, he was at Bed Rest from June to October 1954.
He died on 6th December 1956 during his sleep at his home in New Delhi
Before his death, he wrote Autography named "BUDDHA AND HIS DHAMMA" three days before death.
CONCLUSION:
His Birth date is Celebrated as AMBEDKAR JAYANTHI as a Public Holiday.