MAJOR DISASTER'S OF THE WORLD:
INTRODUCTION:
Today's topic is very interesting and unforgettable, since world has faced many consequences, Few are very close to our Heart's which is immortal and makes us to tear our eye's. Some incidents which we are going to see it in detail.
GUJARAT EARTHQUAKE(2001):
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| A Building in the State of Falling. |
Also known as "BHUJ GUJARAT EARTHQUAKE".
This happened in January 26th 2001
At that time India was Celebrating 51st Republic Day, this happened on 08:46 am on Indian time.
MOMENT MAGNITUDE SCALE:
It is used for the Measurement and analyzing the Magnitude of Earthquakes
This was Introduced by Thomas.C.Hanks and Hiroo Kanamori in 1977.
Why Do Quakes Occur?
Earthquakes occurs when two rocks or plates which is under the ground oppositely collide each other with Huge pressure will exposes the shake when it is breaked, during collision rock get stuck which cannot be moved to and fro from its position. During the earthquake and afterward, the plates or blocks of rock start moving, and they continue to move until they get stuck again, the point at which the earthquake occurs below the ground surface is called "Focus".
"Epicenter" is the point on the surface directly above the focus.
INTER PLATE EARTHQUAKE:
This is one type of Earthquake where Gujarat state has experienced, this type of earthquake occurs at the plate boundary, to explain in detail,
Gujarat Lies near the boundary of India & Eurasian Plates, Indian Plates Locomoted towards North Eastward side and started Colliding with Eurasian Plates, Friction has started between two plates and made rock to break and slip, the rocks which have breaked releases energy in the form of waves which has made the ground to shake.
Gujarat Earthquake has reached the magnitude of between 7.6 and 7.7 on the Moment Magnitude scale.
EFFECTS:
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| Collapsed Gujarat |
It Killed around 20,000 people,1,67,000 were injured and 40,000 homes were destroyed.
40% of homes, 8 Schools, 2 Hospitals, Famous Historic Swaminarayanan Temples, historic forts like Prag Mahal and Aina Mahal were devastated.
Earthquake Destroyed and spoil 60 % of Food and water supplies to the people's.
90 % District's Housing Stock's were destroyed
It was the most powerful Quake in India.
Bhuj Civil Hospital was completely destroyed and now it was totally renovated.
SUPPORT FROM MILITARY:
Indian Military provided emergency support which was arranged by "International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Society".
Everyone Gave relief from all over the world.
NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS(NGO)
After 2001 Earthquake 150 Local NGO'S and 300 International NGO'S based themselves in the City of Bhuj immediately after the Disaster to rescue Operations.
Every Organization and Individual's seemed highly determined and Committed to provide Timely assistance to the People affected by Earthquakes.
UNITED NATIONS DISASTER MANAGEMENT TEAM(UNDMT) &
UNITED NATION DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME(UNDP)
These both Teams have worked Effectively,UNDP have Continued to take Lead in Co-ordinating the
efforts of Relief and rehabilitation of International Agencies.
NATIONAL UNITED NATIONS VOLUNTEER(NUNV)
In 17 Villages 28 NUNV Field Workers were Stationed.
NEHRU YUVA KENDRA SANGHATHAN(NYKS)
An Autonomous body under the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports.
NYKS is the only Organization based in Maliya and has extended its presence in Gujarat as (NSS).
PRIMARY & SECONDARY EFFECTS OF EARTHQUAKE:
PRIMARY EFFECTS:
This may Include,
Land Slides
Trees Collapsing
Buildings Collapsing
People are killed by being Trapped.
SECONDARY EFFECTS:
This includes Fires,Tsunamis,Landslides and Diseases.
FIRES:
Fires are caused by earthquakes from Gas Pipes and due to Electricity wires,Fire Spread quickly in areas of Poor quality Housings and destroy.
TSUNAMIS:
Tsunamis are the Giant Sea waves caused by Earthquakes on the Sea floor.
LANDSLIDES:
Landslides are most likely on Steep Slopes and in Areas of Weak rocks ,Such as Sands and Clay.
DISEASES:
Diseases like Typhoid and Cholera spread easily when Pipes burst,It leads to Sewage water which gets Contaminated to Fresh Water.
TSUNAMI(2004)
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| Haunted Tsunami waves |
Tsunami is the Word derived from Japanese Language.
It means Large Volume of a body of water,typically an ocean or a large Lake.
Earthquake, Volcanic Eruptions, Disturbances above or below water with potential energy are the major reasons to create Tsunami.
Tsunami Waves are different from normal sea waves, Tsunami wavelengths are very longer.
2004 Tsunami is the huge disaster in human history.
It has killed 230,000 people in 14 countries.
CAUSES Of TSUNAMI:
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| People who are Searching for their Lives. |
December 26th 2004 Tsunami was caused by the earthquake, this earthquake had the energy of 23,000 Atomic bombs.
What is TECTONIC PLATE?
This is also called as Lithosphere Plate, outer layer of the earth are divided into Lithosphere and Asthenoshpere, when Lithosphere breaks in to pieces, it is called Tectonic plate, it is irregular in shape.
Pacific and Antarctic plates are the Largest.
When this plates gives out enormous amount of water and gives powerful shocks on every direction.
When these plates are pushed against each other, always it causes pressure "For Thousands of years" in which it will continue to cause pressure and causes earthquake in under water, hence Tsunami occurs.
On December 26th 2004, this plates are pushed against each other more than 600 Miles to wave out the water as Tsunami.
Tsunami is the series of waves with the high pressure.
PENTAGON ATTACK(2001):
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| Attack in Pentagon |
Happen on Sep 11th 2001.
Attacked at New york city Washington
It was a series of Four Co-ordinates Terrorists Attacks.
Terrorists on Sep 11th morning Hijack four passenger Jets.
Name of the two planes are American Airlines Flight 11 and United airlines Flight 175.
These two flights Crashed the North and south Towers respectively.
Both towers were collapsed within hours in which important was World trade center complex in new york city.
Third Plane is American Airlines Flight 77 was Crashed into Pentagon from Western side in which Head Quarters of United states Department of Defense Lies.
Fourth Plane was United Airlines Flight 93 was Targeted to the United States in Washington.
Unfortunately it was crashed on the fields near Pennsylvania of Washington where passengers tried to overcome the Hi-jackers.
EFFECTS:
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| Fire not only in the Building but the Heart's of Newyork's people. |
More than 3000 people died in the attacks.
In 2004, Terrorist "OSAMA BIN LADEN" took the responsiblity of the attacks.
Having heavy Haunting for OSAMA for Six years, he was killed in May 2011.
Destruction of Twin Towers caused series damages to the economy and there were some significant effects on global market.
Cleaning of World Trade center site was completed in May 2002, hardly it took 7 to 8 months.
Pentagon took a year to get repaired.
MEMORIALS:
After this incidence numerous memorials have been constructed.
Since Sep 11 is the unforgettable day in the New york city, they have constructed the Museum in the name of "National September 11 Memorial Museum in New york".
Other one is "Pentagon Memorial"
How Hi -Jack Occurred?
American Airlines Flight 11:
It Started from Logan Airport at 07:59 am, it entered to Los Angeles with a Crew of 11 and 76 Passengers in which 5 Hi-jackers where not involved in the Passenger List, they made the Plane flew into North Tower of a World Trade Center at 08:46 am.
United Airlines Flight 175:
As same it started from Logan Airport at 08:14 am, it entered in to Los Angeles with a Crew of 9 and 51 passengers in which 5 Hi-jackers where not included in the Passenger List, they made the Plane to flew into South tower of the World Trade Center at 09:03 am.
American Airlines Flight 77:
Left Washington from Dulles International airport at Virgina at 08:20 am entered into Los Angeles with the Crew of 6 and 53 Passengers, 5 Hi-Jackers were not involved in the Passenger List, they flew the Plane into the Pentagon at 09:37 am.
United Airlines Flight 93:
Left Newark International Airport at 08:42 am entered into San Francisco with the Crew of 7 and 33 Passengers, 4 Hi- Jackers were not involved in the Passenger List, they Crash the Plane into the ground near Shanksvilla, Pennsylvania at 10:03 am.
EFFECTS:
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| Beautiful City getting Destroyed. |
Resulted in death of 2,996 people in which 19 Hi-Jackers are involved.
90% of Workers and Visitors are died in the tower.
In North Tower 1355 people died because of Smoke Suffocation.
630 people died in South Tower.
South tower Collapsed at 09:59 am burning for 56 meters, in which fire was caused by United Airlines Flight 175.
North Tower Collapsed at 10:28 am burning for 102 meters, in this Pentagon was damaged more.
411 Emergency Workers died, as they tried to help and rescue people who were fighting against fire.
New York City Police Department lost 23 Officers.
Port Authority Police Department lost 37 officers.
8 Emergency Medical Technicians we are killed.
Cantor Fitzgerald L.P an Investment Bank 101-105th floors of North tower lost 658 Employees.
Marsh Inc which is located below Cantor Fitzgerald on floors from 93 - 100 lost 358 employees.
175 Employees from AON Corporation were also killed in the attack.
More than 90 countries have lost the citizens in the attack of World Trade Center.
A Week after the attack, death rate was estimated over 6000 more than twice the number of deaths eventually confirmed.
Medical Examiner's office collected "About 10,000 Unidentified Bone and Tissue Fragments" that cannot be matched to the list of death Victims.
Bone Fragments were still being found in 2006 by workers who were preparing to demolish the damage.
As of August 2011 1,631 victims have been identified Whereas 1,122(41%) of the Victims remains unidentified still.
Remains are stored in the Memorial Park outside the New York City.
DAMAGES:
Along with the Twin Towers, numerous other buildings near the world trade center were destroyed.
Important was St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox church.
North Tower, South Tower and Marriott Hotels were destroyed.
The Deutsche Bank Building on 130 Liberty street were damaged.
The Two buildings of the world financial center also damaged.
World Financial Center Buildings, one Liberty Plaza, Millennium Hilton and 90 church street have moderate damage.
Communication Equipments on the top of North Tower were also destroyed.
RESCUE AND RECOVERY:
New York City Fire Department Deployed 200 peoples to the site
Their efforts were given by numerous Off duty fire fighters and emergency medical technicians.
New York City police department have given emergency service units and other police personals have deployed its Aviation unit.
KUMBAKONAM FIRE ACCIDENT:(2004)
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| Pictures of Kumbakonam Fire Accident. |
It Happened in July 16th 2004.
83 Children's were Killed.
In which 28 were Boys and 38 were Girls.
Other 27 were Injured,And they were in Hospitals Fighting for Life.
Most Children's died on the Spot age Group of 8 to 10years.
School Consists of 900 Students,which involves Primary,Middle & High School.
High School and Middle School Children's got Escaped when Seeing the Fire,Where as Primary School Children's got Trapped.
HOW FIRE ACCIDENT OCCURRED:
First Fire Started from Kitchen,Where the Noon meals was being prepared for Nursery Childrens.
Fire soon started Spreaded to the Thatched roof (Roof made of Plant Material)Classrooms,Where from 1 to 5 Classes were Presented.
Five Classrooms were on the Third Floor where,Saraswathi Nursery School Children's were Gutted in the Fire around 11am.
GOVERNMENT'S ACTION:
State Government immediately Cancelled the School's License.
It Suspended Four District Educational Officer's.
Announced Rs 100,000 as Compensation for the Parent's who lost their Children's.
Respected Chief Minister, "J.Jayalalitha"has Ordered Education Department to make an Serious Inspection for all Schools in all States to Ensure the Maintenance of Safety Standards.
NOTE :
The School has only Narrow Entrance which was used as an" Entry & Exit" Point.
DEATH OF MICHAEL JACKSON:
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| Michael Jackson at his Younger Day's. |
Known as Michael Joseph Jackson
Born on August 29th 1958.
He is American Singer, Song Writer, Entertainer, Choreographer,Music Producer, Actor, Business Man and Musician.
Often refererred as "Kind of POP".
He is the most Successful Entertainer and made achievements in Guiness World Records.
He was a Popular personality for four decades.
CAREER:
Started his Career in 1971.
Most Popular Musics are " Beat It","Billie Jean" and "Thriller".
Due to him numerous "HIP HOP","POST-DISCO", POP and ROCK Artists were arised.
Jackson's Album Thriller in 1982 was the best selling Album of all time and his other records are"OF THE WALL", BAD(1987)" and " DANGEROUS"( 1991).
He has Won 13 Grammy Awards.
Grammy Legend Awards.
Grammy Lifetime Achievement Awards.
26 American Music Awards.
Jackson Won 100 of Awards which made him most awarded recording artist in the history of popular music.
Jackson 52nd Birthday on August 29th 2010.
He has travelled all over the world and has made 2000 Guinness Books of Recognized him for supporting 39 Charities.
Last Minutes of Jackson Before Death:
He Died on June 25th 2009.
He Died while in his bed at his rented mansion at 100 North Carol wood Drive in the Holmby district of Los Angeles.
Jackson died of acute Propofol and Benzodiazephine intoxication on June 25, 2009, after suffering from cardiac arrest.
FAMILY:
Jackson had three sisters: Rebbie, Latoya, and Janet, and five brothers: Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, Marlon, and Randy. A sixth brother, Brandon, who was a twin of older brother Marlon, died shortly after birth.
Conclusion:
These incidents will never go out from our hearts of the people from all over the world.